Lillian Brown, MD, PhD

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(415) 476-4082

1001 Potrero Ave
San Francisco, CA 94110

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  • Assistant Professor, School of Medicine
  • Assistant Professor, Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine

Biography

Career Overview

Dr. Brown is an Infectious Disease fellow in the Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine at the Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Traineeships for AIDS Prevention Studies (TAPS). Her research examines the influence of social networks on engagement in HIV care with the goal of developing novel interventions to improve treatment outcomes in resource limited settings. She is currently a co-investigator on the ongoing SEARCH study in Uganda and Kenya and sees patients in the Positive Health Program at Ward 86 and in the Infectious Diseases clinic at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.

Spotlight: 2018 CFAR Excellence Award Recipient

When discussing her research, Lillian Brown underscores that traditional epidemiological models either ignore or adjust for the influence people have on each other – “but understanding how people are influenced by their social connections can lead to innovative and sustainable interventions by leveraging this social support.” Particularly important as an approach for studying youth, Brown emphasizes that they tends to lag behind adults in realizing the benefits of antiretroviral treatment.

“Stigma and lack of social support are also major contributors to their poor treatment outcomes,” she adds.

Brown’s interest in how social networks influence prevention and treatment interests unfolded as she went from an undergraduate career at Harvard to an MD and a PhD in epidemiology at the University of North Carolina.

With her latest and emerging findings, she is now looking to explore the social networks of HIV-infected youth in East Africa. Ultimately, this will enable her to design and implement more novel interventions to support their engagement in HIV care.

Raised in New England and now residing in the sunny Mission District of San Francisco with her husband and 8-month old son, Brown takes advantage of the Bay Area’s milder climate to spend her down time hiking, swimming, and exploring with her new family.

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  1. Shade SB, Osmand T, Kwarisiima D, Brown LB, Luo A, Mwebaza B, Mwesigye AR, Kwizera E, Imukeka H, Mwanga F, Ayieko J, Owaraganise A, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Charlebois ED, Black D, Clark TD, Petersen ML, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, Jain V. Costs of integrating hypertension care into HIV care in rural East African clinics. AIDS. 2021 05 01; 35(6):911-919. View on Pubmed
  2. Spinelli MA, Lynch KL, Yun C, Glidden DV, Peluso MJ, Henrich TJ, Gandhi M, Brown LB. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and IgG concentration and pseudovirus neutralising antibody titres after infection, compared by HIV status: a matched case-control observational study. Lancet HIV. 2021 06; 8(6):e334-e341. View on Pubmed
  3. Koss CA, Havlir DV, Ayieko J, Kwarisiima D, Kabami J, Chamie G, Atukunda M, Mwinike Y, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Peng J, Olilo W, Snyman K, Awuonda B, Clark TD, Black D, Nugent J, Brown LB, Marquez C, Okochi H, Zhang K, Camlin CS, Jain V, Gandhi M, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Charlebois ED, Petersen ML, Kamya MR, Balzer LB. HIV incidence after pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation among women and men at elevated HIV risk: A population-based study in rural Kenya and Uganda. PLoS Med. 2021 02; 18(2):e1003492. View on Pubmed
  4. Brown LB, Spinelli MA, Gandhi M. The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: summary of the data and responses to date. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2021 01; 16(1):63-73. View on Pubmed
  5. Vivek Jain, Lillian B Brown, Carina Marquez, Luis Rubio, Natasha Spottiswoode, Bethlehem Churnet, Katherine Brooks, Mengyu Zhou, Timothy Muldoon, Carolyn Hendrickson, Adithya Cattamanchi, Antonio Gomez, Brian Haas, Edwin Charlebois, Annie Luetkemeyer, Annie Luetkemeyer, Monica Gandhi, Diane Havlir, Sumant Ranji, Lisa Gail Winston. 448. Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 on Latinx Residents among Hospitalized Patients at San Francisco’s Public Health Hospital. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2020 Dec 31; 7(Suppl 1):s292-s292. View on Pubmed
  6. Lillian B Brown, Lisa Gail Winston, Barbara Haller, Phong Pham, Beatrice Marcelo, Wendy Cheung, Kara Lynch, Vivek Jain. 496. Higher SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Cycle Threshold (Ct) Values Associated with Longer Symptom Duration Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2020 Dec 31; 7(Suppl 1):s314-s314. View on Pubmed
  7. Vanderburg S, Alipanah N, Crowder R, Yoon C, Wang R, Thakur N, Slown K, Shete PB, Rofael M, Metcalfe JZ, Merrifield C, Marquez C, Malcolm K, Lipnick M, Jain V, Gomez A, Burns G, Brown LB, Berger C, Auyeung V, Cattamanchi A, Hendrickson CM. Management and Outcomes of Critically-Ill Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Safety-net Hospital in San Francisco, a Region with Early Public Health Interventions: A Case Series. medRxiv. 2020 May 29. View on Pubmed
  8. Koss CA, Charlebois ED, Ayieko J, Kwarisiima D, Kabami J, Balzer LB, Atukunda M, Mwangwa F, Peng J, Mwinike Y, Owaraganise A, Chamie G, Jain V, Sang N, Olilo W, Brown LB, Marquez C, Zhang K, Ruel TD, Camlin CS, Rooney JF, Black D, Clark TD, Gandhi M, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Petersen ML, Kamya MR, Havlir DV, SEARCH Collaboration . Uptake, engagement, and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis offered after population HIV testing in rural Kenya and Uganda: 72-week interim analysis of observational data from the SEARCH study. Lancet HIV. 2020 04; 7(4):e249-e261. View on Pubmed
  9. Brown LB, Balzer LB, Kabami J, Kwarisiima D, Sang N, Ayieko J, Chen Y, Chamie G, Charlebois ED, Camlin CS, Cohen CR, Bukusi E, Kamya MR, Moody J, Havlir DV, Petersen ML. The Influence of Social Networks on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Youth in Rural Kenya and Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020 01 01; 83(1):9-15. View on Pubmed
  10. Kwarisiima D, Atukunda M, Owaraganise A, Chamie G, Clark T, Kabami J, Jain V, Byonanebye D, Mwangwa F, Balzer LB, Charlebois E, Kamya MR, Petersen M, Havlir DV, Brown LB. Hypertension control in integrated HIV and chronic disease clinics in Uganda in the SEARCH study. BMC Public Health. 2019 May 06; 19(1):511. View on Pubmed
  11. Ayieko J, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, Brown LB, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Kamya MR, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Havlir DV, Van Rie A. A Patient-Centered Multicomponent Strategy for Accelerated Linkage to Care Following Community-Wide HIV Testing in Rural Uganda and Kenya. . 2019 04 01; 80(4):414-422. View on Pubmed
  12. Brown LB, Getahun M, Ayieko J, Kwarisiima D, Owaraganise A, Atukunda M, Olilo W, Clark T, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Camlin CS. Factors predictive of successful retention in care among HIV-infected men in a universal test-and-treat setting in Uganda and Kenya: A mixed methods analysis. PLoS One. 2019; 14(1):e0210126. View on Pubmed
  13. Ayieko J, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, Brown LB, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Kamya MR, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Havlir DV, Van Rie A. A patient-centered multi-component strategy for accelerated linkage to care following community-wide HIV testing in rural Uganda and Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Dec 20. View on Pubmed
  14. Shade SB, Osmand T, Luo A, Aine R, Assurah E, Mwebaza B, Mwai D, Owaraganise A, Mwangwa F, Ayieko J, Black D, Brown LB, Clark TD, Kwarisiima D, Thirumurthy H, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Charlebois ED, Balzer L, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Havlir DV, Jain V. Costs of streamlined HIV care delivery in rural Ugandan and Kenyan clinics in the SEARCH Studys. AIDS. 2018 09 24; 32(15):2179-2188. View on Pubmed
  15. Ayieko J, Brown L, Anthierens S, Van Rie A, Getahun M, Charlebois ED, Petersen ML, Clark TD, Kamya MR, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Havlir DV, Camlin CS. "Hurdles on the path to 90-90-90 and beyond": Qualitative analysis of barriers to engagement in HIV care among individuals in rural East Africa in the context of test-and-treat. PLoS One. 2018; 13(8):e0202990. View on Pubmed
  16. Brown LB, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, Jain V, Ruel T, Clark T, Black D, Chamie G, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV. Predictors of Retention in HIV Care Among Youth (15-24) in a Universal Test-and-Treat Setting in Rural Kenya. . 2017 09 01; 76(1):e15-e18. View on Pubmed
  17. Brown LB, Havlir DV, Ayieko J, Mwangwa F, Owaraganise A, Kwarisiima D, Jain V, Ruel T, Clark T, Chamie G, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Kamya MR, Petersen ML, Charlebois ED, SEARCH Collaboration . High levels of retention in care with streamlined care and universal test and treat in East Africa. AIDS. 2016 11 28; 30(18):2855-2864. View on Pubmed
  18. Brown L, Langelier C, Reid MJ, Rutishauser RL, Strnad L. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Call to Action! Clin Infect Dis. 2017 01 01; 64(1):106-107. View on Pubmed
  19. Kamanga G, Brown L, Jawati P, Chiwanda D, Nyirenda N. Maximizing HIV partner notification opportunities for index patients and their sexual partners in Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2015 Dec; 27(4):140-4. View on Pubmed
  20. Shaboltas AV, Skochilov RV, Brown LB, Elharrar VN, Kozlov AP, Hoffman IF. The feasibility of an intensive case management program for injection drug users on antiretroviral therapy in St. Petersburg, Russia. Harm Reduct J. 2013 Sep 05; 10:15. View on Pubmed
  21. Rutstein SE, Brown LB, Biddle AK, Wheeler SB, Kamanga G, Mmodzi P, Nyirenda N, Mofolo I, Rosenberg NE, Hoffman IF, Miller WC. Cost-effectiveness of provider-based HIV partner notification in urban Malawi. Health Policy Plan. 2014 Jan; 29(1):115-26. View on Pubmed
  22. Nora E. Rosenberg, Gift Kamanga, Sam Phiri, Dominic Nsona, Audrey Pettifor, Sarah E. Rutstein, Deborah Kamwendo, Irving F. Hoffman, Maria Keating, Lillian B. Brown, Beatrice Ndalama, Susan A. Fiscus, Seth Congdon, Myron S. Cohen, William C. Miller. Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Acute HIV Infection: An Important Public Health Priority. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2012 Dec 15; 206(12):1949-1950. View on Pubmed
  23. Brown LB, Miller WC, Kamanga G, Kaufman JS, Pettifor A, Dominik RC, Nyirenda N, Mmodzi P, Mapanje C, Martinson F, Cohen MS, Hoffman IF. Predicting partner HIV testing and counseling following a partner notification intervention. AIDS Behav. 2012 Jul; 16(5):1148-55. View on Pubmed
  24. Rosenberg NE, Kamanga G, Phiri S, Nsona D, Pettifor A, Rutstein SE, Kamwendo D, Hoffman IF, Keating M, Brown LB, Ndalama B, Fiscus SA, Congdon S, Cohen MS, Miller WC. Detection of acute HIV infection: a field evaluation of the determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo test. J Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 15; 205(4):528-34. View on Pubmed
  25. Brown LB, Miller WC, Kamanga G, Nyirenda N, Mmodzi P, Pettifor A, Dominik RC, Kaufman JS, Mapanje C, Martinson F, Cohen MS, Hoffman IF. HIV partner notification is effective and feasible in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for HIV treatment and prevention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Apr 15; 56(5):437-42. View on Pubmed
  26. Kamanga G, Mhango C, Brown L. Viewpoint: Gentamicin for treatment of gonococcal urethritis in Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2010 Sep; 22(3):63-4. View on Pubmed
  27. Tucker JD, Bu J, Brown LB, Yin YP, Chen XS, Cohen MS. Accelerating worldwide syphilis screening through rapid testing: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 Jun; 10(6):381-6. View on Pubmed
  28. Hosseinipour MC, Kumwenda JJ, Weigel R, Brown LB, Mzinganjira D, Mhango B, Eron JJ, Phiri S, van Oosterhout JJ. Second-line treatment in the Malawi antiretroviral programme: high early mortality, but good outcomes in survivors, despite extensive drug resistance at baseline. HIV Med. 2010 Sep; 11(8):510-8. View on Pubmed
  29. Brown LB, Krysiak R, Kamanga G, Mapanje C, Kanyamula H, Banda B, Mhango C, Hoffman M, Kamwendo D, Hobbs M, Hosseinipour MC, Martinson F, Cohen MS, Hoffman IF. Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility in Lilongwe, Malawi, 2007. Sex Transm Dis. 2010 Mar; 37(3):169-72. View on Pubmed
  30. Samuel JC, Akinkuotu A, Villaveces A, Charles AG, Lee CN, Hoffman IF, Miller WC, Baloyi P, Hoffman M, Brown LB, Muyco AP. Epidemiology of injuries at a tertiary care center in Malawi. World J Surg. 2009 Sep; 33(9):1836-41. View on Pubmed
  31. van Oosterhout JJ, Brown L, Weigel R, Kumwenda JJ, Mzinganjira D, Saukila N, Mhango B, Hartung T, Phiri S, Hosseinipour MC. Diagnosis of antiretroviral therapy failure in Malawi: poor performance of clinical and immunological WHO criteria. Trop Med Int Health. 2009 Aug; 14(8):856-61. View on Pubmed
  32. Chilongozi D, Wang L, Brown L, Taha T, Valentine M, Emel L, Sinkala M, Kafulafula G, Noor RA, Read JS, Brown ER, Goldenberg RL, Hoffman I, HIVNET 024 Study Team . Morbidity and mortality among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected pregnant women and their infants from Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Sep; 27(9):808-14.
  33. Brown LB, Streeten EA, Shapiro JR, McBride D, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Mitchell BD. Genetic and environmental influences on bone mineral density in pre- and post-menopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec; 16(12):1849-56.
  34. Brown LB, Streeten EA, Shuldiner AR, Almasy LA, Peyser PA, Mitchell BD. Assessment of sex-specific genetic and environmental effects on bone mineral density. Genet Epidemiol. 2004 Sep; 27(2):153-61.