Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD

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Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD

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Member, CFAR Scientific Council
Professor, School of Medicine
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Biography

Our laboratory studies the metabolic disturbances that occur during infection. Our major focuses are changes in lipid metabolism and energy balance. Using intact animals, we determine the physiological consequences of the host response to infection and define the cytokine mediators. We then determine the underlying cellular and molecular basis for these changes using both in vivo animal studies and cultured cells. For example, we have identified regulation in the activity of lipid synthesizing enzymes and related proteins that occurs at the level of transcription or post translation. For transcriptional regulation, the response elements and transactivating factors are then defined. Transgenic mouse models are developed to define the roles of key molecules in the host response.

Our laboratory has shown that many of the metabolic changes are part of host defense and not detrimental. We have shown that lipoproteins induced during the host response to infection scavenge toxic bacterial fragments such as LPS and LTA. We have defined the molecules involved in their neutralization.

With regard to energy balance, we determined the mechanisms that induce wasting in AIDS. We also developed specific therapies. We have recently identified a candidate for the molecule that generates fever during the response to infection: Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2).

Primary Thematic Area:
Vascular & Cardiac Biology
Secondary Thematic Area:
Immunology
Research Summary:
Metabolic Changes and the Host Response to Infection
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Displaying 1 - 25 of 305

  1. Kim TY, Schwartz AV, Li X, Xu K, Kazakia GJ, Grunfeld C, Nissenson RA, Shoback DM, Schafer AL. Bone marrow adipose tissue composition and glycemic improvements after gastric bypass surgery. Bone Rep. 2022 Dec; 17:101596.
  2. Keyhani S, Cohen BE, Vali M, Hoggatt KJ, Bravata DM, Austin PC, Lum E, Hasin DS, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. The Heart and Cannabis (THC) Cohort: Differences in Baseline Health and Behaviors by Cannabis Use. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 11; 37(14):3535-3544.
  3. Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Carey E, Grunfeld C, Bikle DD, Lu CM. Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 03; 37(4):853-861.
  4. Muiru AN, Scherzer R, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Estrella MM, Shlipak MG. Associations of CKD risk factors and longitudinal changes in urine biomarkers of kidney tubules among women living with HIV. BMC Nephrol. 2021 Aug 30; 22(1):296.
  5. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Muiru AN, Jotwani VK, Grunfeld C, Shigenaga J, Spaulding KA, Ng DK, Gustafson D, Spence AB, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Parikh CR, Ix JH, Shlipak MG. Kidney tubule health scores and their associations with incident CKD in women living with HIV. HIV Med. 2021 Aug; 22(7):527-537.
  6. Foreman SC, Wu PH, Kuang R, John MD, Tien PC, Link TM, Krug R, Kazakia GJ. Factors associated with bone microstructural alterations assessed by HR-pQCT in long-term HIV-infected individuals. Bone. 2020 04; 133:115210.
  7. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Nishtala A, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Wang R, Palella FJ, Shlipak MG, Estrella MM. Association of Statin Use With Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-Infected Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 10 01; 82(2):202-210.
  8. Feinstein MJ, Nance RM, Delaney JAC, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Drozd DR, Burkholder GA, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Hunt PW, Geng E, Hsue P, Peter I, Lober WB, Crothers K, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Lloyd-Jones DM, Crane HM. Mortality following myocardial infarction among HIV-infected persons: the Center for AIDS Research Network Of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). BMC Med. 2019 07 31; 17(1):149.
  9. Crockett KB, Edmonds A, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Kempf MC, Konkle-Parker D, Wingood G, Tien PC, Cohen M, Wilson TE, Logie CH, Sosanya O, Plankey M, Golub E, Adimora AA, Parish C, Weiser SD, Turan JM, Turan B. Neighborhood Racial Diversity, Socioeconomic Status, and Perceptions of HIV-Related Discrimination and Internalized HIV Stigma Among Women Living with HIV in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2019 06; 33(6):270-281.
  10. Zahner GJ, Ramirez JL, Spaulding KA, Khetani SA, Gasper WJ, Grunfeld C, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM. Leptinemia is Associated With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Surg Res. 2019 06; 238:48-56.
  11. Muiru AN, Shlipak MG, Scherzer R, Zhang WR, Ascher SB, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Ng D, Palella FJ, Ho K, Kassaye S, Sharma A, Cohen M, Wang R, Qi Q, Estrella MM. Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2019 01 03; 20(1):4.
  12. Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Estrella MM, Zhang WR, Muiru AN, Jotwani V, Grunfeld C, Parikh CR, Gustafson D, Young M, Sharma A, Cohen MH, Ng DK, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Ho K, Shlipak MG. Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Injury with Estimated GFR Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Initiation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 09 07; 13(9):1321-1329.
  13. Scherzer R, Shah SJ, Secemsky E, Butler J, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG, Hsue PY. Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection. Circ Heart Fail. 2018 04; 11(4):e004312.
  14. Reid M, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Price JC, French AL, Huhn GD, Plankey MW, Peters M, Grunfeld C, Tien PC. Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus. J Infect Dis. 2018 03 28; 217(8):1289-1297.
  15. Chau KH, Scherzer R, Grunfeld C, Hsue PY, Shlipak MG. CHA2DS2-VASc Score, Warfarin Use, and Risk for Thromboembolic Events Among HIV-Infected Persons With Atrial Fibrillation. . 2017 09 01; 76(1):90-97.
  16. Chen R, Scherzer R, Hsue PY, Jotwani V, Estrella MM, Horberg MA, Grunfeld C, Shlipak MG. Association of Tenofovir Use With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in HIV-Infected Patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Apr 24; 6(4).
  17. Crane HM, Paramsothy P, Drozd DR, Nance RM, Delaney JA, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Burkholder GA, Willig JH, Mugavero MJ, Mathews WC, Crane PK, Moore RD, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Hunt PW, Geng E, Hsue P, Rodriguez C, Peter I, Barnes GS, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Crothers K, Feinstein MJ, Grunfeld C, Saag MS, Kitahata MM. Types of Myocardial Infarction Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in the United States. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Mar 01; 2(3):260-267.
  18. Noorhasan M, Drozd DR, Grunfeld C, Merrill JO, Burkholder GA, Mugavero MJ, Willig JH, Willig AL, Cropsey KL, Mayer KH, Blashill A, Mimiaga M, McCaul ME, Hutton H, Chander G, Mathews WC, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Christopoulos K, Fredericksen RJ, Nance RM, Delaney JC, Crane PK, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Crane HM. Associations Between At-Risk Alcohol Use, Substance Use, and Smoking with Lipohypertrophy and Lipoatrophy Among Patients Living with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2017 06; 33(6):534-545.
  19. Reid M, Price JC, Tien PC. Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Older Patient. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017 12; 31(4):827-838.
  20. Price JC, Dodge JL, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Korn N, Tillinghast K, Peters MG, Noworolski S, Tien PC. Controlled attenuation parameter and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured liver steatosis are discordant in obese HIV-infected adults. AIDS. 2017 09 24; 31(15):2119-2125.
  21. Malhotra R, Nguyen HA, Benavente O, Mete M, Howard BV, Mant J, Odden MC, Peralta CA, Cheung AK, Nadkarni GN, Coleman RL, Holman RR, Zanchetti A, Peters R, Beckett N, Staessen JA, Ix JH. Association Between More Intensive vs Less Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering and Risk of Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 to 5: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 10 01; 177(10):1498-1505.
  22. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effect of inflammation on HDL structure and function. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 10; 27(5):521-30.
  23. Grunfeld C, Dankner R. Diabetes in HIV-infected persons in Cameroon? Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 09; 32(6):512-3.
  24. Kohli P, Ganz P, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Hur S, Weigel B, Grunfeld C, Deeks S, Wasserman S, Scott R, Hsue PY. HIV and Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients Have Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Despite Higher Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9): An Apparent "PCSK9-Lipid Paradox". J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 04 29; 5(5).
  25. Daubenmier J, Moran PJ, Kristeller J, Acree M, Bacchetti P, Kemeny ME, Dallman M, Lustig RH, Grunfeld C, Nixon DF, Milush JM, Goldman V, Laraia B, Laugero KD, Woodhouse L, Epel ES, Hecht FM. Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Apr; 24(4):794-804.